Science
Benchmarks for Science Literacy
This document complements the National Science Education Standards (NSES) in forming a comprehensive statement of what science students should know and be able to do. Benchmarks defines the essential concepts in twelve areas: the nature of science; the nature of mathematics; the nature of technology; physical setting; the living environment; the human organism; human society; the designed world; the mathematical world; historical perspectives; common themes; and habits of mind. (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1993)
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How Students Learn — Science in the Classroom: A Targeted Report for Teachers
This resource offers a strong research foundation for particular instructional methods along with a rich description of application of the research in real classroom settings. It takes three fundamental principles of knowing — preconceptions, interrelationships between factual and conceptual knowledge, and meta-cognition — and applies those principles to particular subject area concepts. Chapters describe a science concept at three levels of schooling — elementary, middle school and high school — and demonstrate how preconceptions can be made evident by teachers and addressed when they prove to be mistaken ideas. (National Research Council, 2005)
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National Science Education Standards (NSES)
This is one of the foundational documents in science education, defining what science students should know and be able to do to become educated citizens. The NSES serve as the basis for state science standards and curriculum frameworks across the country. In addition, the standards are identified by the Science Committee of the National Governing Board as one of the core documents underlying the framework for both the 2005 and the upcoming 2009 NAEP Science assessment. As states develop measures of proficiency in science, the National Science Education Standards will be an essential resource. (National Research Council, 1996)
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Recruiting Quality Teachers in Mathematics, Science, and Special Education for Urban and Rural Schools
This publication focuses on six strategies for recruiting highly qualified teachers in mathematics, science, and special education. These strategies can assist schools and districts to be competitive in the job market and to lure college students and other professionals who are interested in a teaching career. (National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, 2007)
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